One of the joys of travelling is being affected by places, having your world view turned inside out, your misconceptions "corrected". I've had my mind changed, and opened, a few times while travelling around Europe these past few months.
Beautiful, coastal Portugal |
For one thing, coming from Australia, I've always thought of Europe as relatively small, and overpopulated. But Europe is bigger, wilder and more blue-skied than I'd remembered it to be.
I realised my mistake as soon as I started zigzagging from one side of the continent to the other (which cost a small fortune, in different currencies – more on that below): from Germany down to Portugal, over to Croatia, up to Norway (I spent a day and a night on the train travelling north of Oslo, for instance, and still didn't reach the northern tip of the country).
I've learned that much of Europe is uninhabited, or barely inhabited, if you look in the right places. That there are wild landscapes all over the continent: beaches and islands, canyons and mountains. I surfed in Portugal, went sea kayaking in Croatia, hiking in Switzerland and hardly saw another soul.
Good question... |
But the main thing I've learned is this: there's more than one Europe. Which can make travelling there tricky, particularly for non-Europeans. Let me explain...
There’s Europe the continent, a land mass that extends north of the Mediterranean Sea to Nordkapp in Norway
(mainland Europe's most northerly point) and from the Atlantic to the Black Sea, and includes islands such as Iceland and
the United Kingdom.
There’s the European Union (EU)
consisting of 28 countries, though some European
countries, such as Norway and Switzerland, aren’t in the EU, and others are in the process of applying for membership such as Serbia and Turkey.
Bear Grylls on the walls of Zagreb |
There’s the Eurozone, made up of 18 EU countries that use the euro. So not every country in the EU uses the euro. The UK is the obvious
exception, but Croatia, the EU's newest member (as of 2013), still uses the kuna. Then there are micro-countries that use the euro, such as Monaco and the Vatican City.
Then there's Schengen Europe. Um, what? I'd never heard of it either. The Schengen Area comprises 26 European (EU and non-EU) countries that signed the
Schengen Agreement (in Schengen, Luxembourg) in 1995 to abolish border checks between them.
What Schengen means for non-European travellers: we can travel in and between any of the Schengen countries without passport checks, and stay in the Schengen zone for up to 90 days within a 180-day period (to stay longer, in other words, you have to leave Schengen Europe for 90 days and re-enter).
Portugal for sale |
The trap for new players is that some
European countries (such as Croatia), even some countries in the EU (such as
Ireland), aren’t in the Schengen
zone, while some non-EU countries (such as Norway, Switzerland and Iceland)
are.
Finally, there's "Europe" as defined by Eurail - a Eurail pass is valid in 24 European countries, which is pretty much all of Europe (including non-EU countries like Turkey) except the UK, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania, and Iceland.
Some European countries – like Portugal, Spain, Germany, France, Italy, Finland, the Netherlands and Belgium – make life easy for everyone by being in the EU, the Eurozone and Schengen (and within Eurail Europe).
Other European countries make travel akin to code-breaking (in a good way!).
To illustrate: In three months in "Europe" I visited 11 countries (eight EU, three non-EU countries), went in
and out of the Schengen zone a few times and used eight (!) currencies:
- Portugal – which is in the EU, the Eurozone and Schengen Europe
- Croatia – in the EU but not Schengen and doesn’t use the euro; the kuna was my first non-euro currency. Because I spent 16 days in Croatia, my 90 days in Schengen stretched to 106 days in Europe, which was an unexpected bonus...
- Switzerland – proudly, defiantly not in the EU and doesn’t use the euro (enter my second currency, the Swiss franc) but is in Schengen
- Denmark and Sweden – both in the EU and Schengen, but don't use the euro (they use Danish and Swedish kroner)
- Norway – not in the EU and doesn’t use the euro (why can’t all Scandinavian countries at least use the same kroner?) but is in Schengen
- Germany – another “normal” European nation: in the EU, in Schengen, uses the euro. Bless Deutschland
- Hungary – in the EU and Schengen but doesn't use the euro (I had to buy forints for a too-brief river cruise stopover in Budapest)
- Serbia – not in the EU (yet), the Eurozone (they use the dinar) or Schengen
- Slovakia – in the EU, the Eurozone and Schengen
- Austria – another "truly" European nation: in the EU, in Schengen, uses euros.
The moral of the story: Before you travel in Europe and buy your euros or a Eurail pass, check the status of your destination. Then dive headlong into the wonderful world(s) of Europe.
(Big thanks to Etihad Airways, my new favourite airline, who flew me in style to Dusseldorf and back to Sydney, and Rail Plus, for the wonderful 2-month Eurail pass.)
(Big thanks to Etihad Airways, my new favourite airline, who flew me in style to Dusseldorf and back to Sydney, and Rail Plus, for the wonderful 2-month Eurail pass.)